Beat Frequency is Reduced but Waveform Shape is Conserved in Chlamydomonas Flagella at High Viscosity

The beat pattern and beat frequency of cilia and flagella

in many kinds of eukaryote are controlled by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Ciliary movement in Paramecium comprises two kinds of ciliary strokes, the effective stroke and the recovery stroke, and shows metachronal coordination (Machemer, 1972). When Paramecia meet an obstacle, their cilia reverse the direction of their beat, allowing the organism to swim backwards (Jennings, 1906...

Heamagglutinin Conserved Domain (HA2) Prepared in Prokaryotic System is Immunogenic in Mice but not Protective against Lethal Influenza Challenge

Background and Aims: Influenza vaccine production process is time-consuming with little-to-no cross-protection which requires annual adjustment. The construction of a universal vaccine to deal with the pandemics and epidemics which occasionally threat human population is the aim of many researches worldwide. Today, influenza vaccines are mostly against two major antigenic proteins, hemagglutini...

the respiratory exchange ratio is higher in older subjects, but is reduced by aerobic exercise training

Chlamydomonas IFT25 is dispensable for flagellar assembly but required to export the BBSome from flagella

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles are composed of polyprotein complexes IFT-A and IFT-B as well as cargo adaptors such as the BBSome. Two IFT-B subunits, IFT25 and IFT27 were found to form a heterodimer, which is essential in exporting the BBSome out of the cilium but not involved in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis in vertebrates. Controversial results were, however, recorded to show ...

Chlamydomonas Flagella

Methods were developed for the isolation of Chlamydomonas flagella and for their fractionation into membrane, mastigoneme, "matrix," and axoneme components. Each component was studied by electron microscopy and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified membranes retained their tripartite ultrastructure and were shown to contain one high molecular weight protein band on electrophoresis in sodium ...